Today I Learned: How does the Web Works?

A brief summary of what I learned.

What is the Internet?

Large network of computers which communicate all together.

A simple network

In order to communicate, computers are link to each other. We can use ethernet or wifi to connect computers from one another.

computer <-> computer

A link of computers are connected to another link of computers by using routers. Routers are use to send message to another computer and vice versa.

computers <-> routers <-> computers

In order to connect to much more set of computers, routers are link to another routers

computers <-> routers <-> routers <-> computers

Routers are now connected to modems which are connected to telephone infrastructure that will help us to connect to other networks such as our friends, neighbors, etc.

computers <-> routers <-> modem <-> routers <-> computers

ISPs are special routers that are linked together in order for us to communicate to other network such across other countries.

computers <-> routers <-> modem <-> ISP <-> ISP <-> modem <-> routers <-> computers

( ISP is a company that manages some special routers that are all linked together and can also access other ISP's routers.)

Finding computers

  • We use IP address (Internet Protocol) to identify the address of a computer. It is a series of four numbers separated by dots.

example

192.167.0.234
  • We use a domain name so that instead of remembering the IP address, we can remember them by using it on top of the IP address.

example

google.com

Internet and the web

  • Internet is an infrastructure. Inter connected computers.
  • Web is a service built on top of the infrastructure.

Difference between webpage, website, web server, and search engine?

  • A webpage is a document which can be displayed in a web browser such as firefox, google chrome, opera Microsoft edge, Apple Safari, These are also often called just "pages".

Often written in HTML

  • A website is a collection of web pages which are group together and usually connected together in various ways. Often called a "web site" or a "site".

  • A web server is a computer that hosts a website on the internet.

  • A search engine is a web service that helps you find other web pages, such as Google, Bing, Yahoo, of DuckDuckGo.

Clients and Servers

  • Clients are the typical web user's internet-connected devices
  • Servers are computers that store webpages, sites, or apps.

Other part

  • Internet connection allows us to send and retrive data on the web.
  • TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol) are communication protocols that define how data should travel acros the internet.
  • DNS (Domain Name System) is like an address book for websites.
  • HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is an application protocol that defines a language for clients and servers to speak to each other.
  • Component Files: a website is made of many different files
    • code files: websites are built primarily from HTML, CSS, and JAVASCRIPT
    • assets: collective stuff such as images, music, video, word documentts and PDFs.

References:

developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/Comm..

developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/Comm..

developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/Gett..

theodinproject.com/paths/foundations/course..

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